An Existential Role of Preunderstandings in the Leading Founders of Quantum Theory

Filip Grygar

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2021.497

Abstract


The study deals with an existential role of preunderstandings in the works of the leading founders of quantum theory. First, the study introduces Heidegger’s hermeneutic-phenomenological approach to the concept of understanding. Second, this concept is applied to various ways of thinking with which physicists (Planck, Einstein, de Broglie, Rutherford, Bohr, Heisenberg and Schrödinger) approached the solutions of scientific puzzles and constructions of new assumptions in the development of quantum theory. The article seeks to contribute to the debate in the methodology and philosophy of science and points out that the role of preunderstandings is still underestimated.

Keywords


quantum theory; hermeneutic phenomenology; Bohr; de Broglie; Heidegger; Heisenberg

Full Text:

PDF (Čeština)

References


Andrade, Edward N. da Costa. Rutherford and the Nature of the Atom. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1964.

Augustinus, Aurelius. Vyznání. Praha: Kalich, 2006.

Birk, John B., ed. Rutherford at Manchesterrr. New York: W. A. Benjamin, Inc., 1963. Bohr, Niels. Collected Works. 13 vols. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1972–2008.

Born, Max. „Über Quantenmechanik.“ Zeitschrift für Physik 26 (1924): 379–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01327341.

Born, Max, and Pascual Jordan: „Zur Quantenmechanik.“ Zeitschrift für Physik 34 (1925): 858–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01328531.

Born, Max, Werner Heisenberg, and Pascual Jordan. „Zur Quantenmechanik II.“ Zeitschrift für Physik 35, no. 8–9 (1926): 557–615. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01379806.

Born, Max. „Zur Quantenmechanik der Stoßvorgänge.“ Zeitschrift für Physik 38, 11–12, 1926: 803–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01397184.

Bragg, William L. „Electrons and Ether Waves.“ The Scientific Monthlyy 14, no. 2 (1922): 153–60.

Broglie, Louis de. „Recherches sur la Théorie des Quanta.“ Annales de la fondation Louis de Broglie. Paris: Universitè de Paris, 1924.

Broglie, Louis de. An Introduction to the Study of Wave Mechanics. London: Methuen & Co. 1930.

Broglie, Louis de. „The Reinterpretation of Wave Mechanics.“ Foundations of Physics 1, no. 1 (1970): 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00708650.

Compton, Arthur H. „A Quantum Theory of the Scattering of X-Rays by Light Elements.“ Physical Review 21, no. 5 (1923): 483–502. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.21.483.

Davisson, Clinton J., Lester H. Germer. „The Scattering of Electrons by a Single Crystal of Nickel.“ Nature 119, no. 2998 (1927): 558–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/119558a0.

Descartes, René. Meditace o první filosofii. Praha: Oikoymenh, 2003.

Einstein, Albert. „Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption.“ Annalen der Physik 325, no. 6 (1906): 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.19063250613.

Einstein, Albert. „Zum gegenwärtigen Stand des Strahlungsproblems.“ Physikalische Zeitschrift 10, no. 6 (1909): 185–93.

Einstein, Albert. „Über die Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen über das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung.“ Physikalische Zeitschrift 10, no. 22 (1909): 817–25.

Einstein, Albert. „Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung.“ Physikalische Gesellschaft Zürich 18 (1916): 47–62.

Einstein, Albert. „Quantentheorie des Strahlung.“ Physikalische Zeitschrift 18 (1917): 121–28.

Einstein, Albert. „Das Comptonsche Experiment. Ist die Wissenschaft um ihrer selbst willen da? / The Compton Experiment. Does Science Exist for Its Own Sake?“ In The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein. The Berlin years: Writings & Correspondence, April 1923 – May 1925, edited by Diana K. Buchwald, József Illy, Ze’ev Rosenkranz, Tilman Sauer, and Osik Moses, 233. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015.

Einstein, Albert, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen. „Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality be Considered Complete?“ Physical Review 47, no. 10 (1935): 777–80. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.47.777.

Einstein, Albert. „Autobiographical Notes.“ In Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist. Edited by Paul A. Schilpp. New York: MJF Books, 1970.

Forman, Paul. „Weimar Culture, Causality, and Quantum Theory, 1918–1927: Adaptation by German Physicists and Mathematicians to a Hostile Intelektual Environment.“ Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences 3 (1971): 1–115. https://doi.org/10.2307/27757315.

Galilei, Galileo. Prubíř. Praha: Togga, 2020.

Galilei, Galileo. Discorsi e Dimostrazioni Mathematiche intormo à Due Nuove Scienze attenenti alla Meccanica, et ai Movimenti Locali. Leida: Ludovico Elzeviro, 1638.

Eddington, Arthur. The Philosophy of Physical Science. Ann Arborm, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1958.

Gadamer, Hans-Georg. Člověk a řeč. Praha: Oikoymenh, 1999.

Grygar, Filip. Kritika založení galileovské vědy v Husserlově „Krizi evropských věd a transcendentální fenomenologii.““ Červený Kostelec: Pavel Mervart, 2005.

Grygar, Filip. „Historická, filosofická a fyzikální reflexe Bohrova převratného pojednání z roku 1913.“ Dějiny věd a techniky 46, č. 1 (2013): 3–26.

Grygar, Filip. Komplementární myšlení Nielse Bohra v kontextu fyziky, filosofie a biologie. Červený Kostelec: Pavel Mervart, 2014.

Grygar, Filip. „Bohr’s Complementarity Framework in Biosemiotics.“ Biosemiotics 10, no. 1 (2017): 33–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12304-016-9281-4.

Grygar, Filip. „Werner Heisenberg, Niels Bohr a příběh kodaňské interpretace.“ Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 39, č. 2 (2017): 207–38. https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2017.376.

Grygar, Filip. „Odvrácená strana legendy: Otto Hahn v kontextu nacistického Německa.“ Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 41, č. 1 (2019): 59–110. https://doi.org/10.46938/tv.2019.409.

Grygar, Filip. „Ideová východiska kvantové teorie a Schrödingerova návštěva Kodaně v říjnu 1926.“ Československý časopis pro fyziku 71, č. 1 (2021): 56–63.

Heelan, Patrick A. „Afterword.“ In Hermeneutic Philosophy of Science, Van Gogh’s Eyes, and God, Essays in honor of Patrick A. Heelan, S. J., edited by Babette E. Babich, 445–59. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1767-0_39.

Heidegger, Martin. „Novověká matematická přírodní věda.“ Scientia & Philosophia, č. 6 (1994): 78–85.

Heidegger, Martin. „Gelassenheit – Zdrženlivá uvolněnost (30. října 1955).“ Filosofický časopis 49, č. 1 (2001): 70–79.

Heidegger, Martin. Bytí a čas. Praha: Oikoymenh, 2002.

Heidegger, Martin. Věda, technika a zamyšlení. Praha: Oikoymenh, 2004.

Heidegger, Martin. Věk obrazu světa. Praha: Oikoymenh, 2013.

Heilbron, John L. Ernest Rutherford: And the Eplosion of Atoms. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Heisenberg, Werner. „Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen.“ Zeitschrift für Physik 33 (1925): 879–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01328377.

Heisenberg, Werner. „Überr den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik.“ Zeitschrift für Physik 43, no. 3–4 (1927): 172–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01397280.

Heisenberg, Werner. The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1930.

Heisenberg, Werner. „The Development of the Interpretation of Quantum Theory.“ In Niels Bohr and the Development of Physics. Essays Dedicated to Niels Bohr on the Occasion of His Seventieth Birthday, edited by Wolfgang Pauli, Léon Rosenfeld, and Victor F. Weisskopf, 12–29. London: Pergamon Press Ltd., 1955.

Heisenberg, Werner. „The Representation of Nature in Contemporary Physics.“ Daedalus 87, no. 3 (1958): 95–108.

Heisenberg, Werner. „Session VII.“ By Thomas S. Kuhn. American Institute of Physics – Oral History Interviews, February 22, 1963. https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4661-7.

Heisenberg, Werner. „Session VIII.“ By Thomas S. Kuhn. American Institute of Physics – Oral History Interviews, February 25, 1963. https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4661-8.

Heisenberg, Werner. Část a celek – Rozhovory o atomové fyzice. Olomouc: Votobia, 1996.

Heisenberg, Werner. Fyzika a filosofie. Praha: Aurora, 2000.

Kuhn, Thomas. Struktura vědeckých revolucí. Praha: Oikoymenh, 1997.

Koyré, Alexandre. Metaphysics and Measurement – Essays in Scientific Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1968.

Kvasz, Ladislav. „Galileovská fyzika ve světle Husserlovy fenomenologie.“ Filosofický časopis 48, č. 3 (2000): 373–99.

Mehra, Jagdish, and Helmut Rechenberg. The Historical Development of Quantum Theory. 6 vols. New York: Springer, 1982–2001.

Moore, Walter. Schrödinger. Life an Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Newton, Isaac. Matematické principy přírodní filosofie. Praha: Fontes scientiae, 2020.

Novák, Aleš. „Heideggerův výklad pojmu mathéma a mathématického charakteru novověké vědy.“ Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 32, č. 1 (2010): 19–35. https://teorievedy.flu.cas.cz/index.php/tv/article/view/63/0.

Pais, Abraham. Niels Bohr’s Times, in Physics, Philosophy and Polity. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.

Planck, Max. „Über eine Verbesserung der Wien’schen Spektralgleichung.“ Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft 2, no. 2 (1900): 202–4.

Planck, Max. „Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalspektrum.“ Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft 2, no. 2 (1900): 237–45.

Planck, Max. „The Genesis and Present State of Development of the Quatnum Theory.“ Nobel Lecture, June 2, 1920. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1918/planck/lecture/.

Petersen, Aage. „The Philosophy of Niels Bohr.“ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 14, no. 7, (1963): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.1963.11454520.

Rubin, Edgar. Visuell wahrgenommene Figuren. Studien in psychologischer Analyse mit 13 Abbildungen. Berlin: Gyldendalske Boghadnel, 1921.

Rutherford, Ernest, and Hans W. Geiger. „The Probability Variations in the Distribution of Alpha Particles.“ Philosophical Magazine Series 20, no. 6 (1910): 698–707. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786441008636955.

Rutherford, Ernest. „The Scattering of α and β Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom.“ Philosophical Magazine 21, no. 6 (1911): 669–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786440508637080.

Rutherford, Ernest. „Forty Years of Physics.“ In Background to Modern Science. Ten Lectures at Cambridge Arranged by the History of Science Committee 1936, edited by Joseph Needham and Walter Pagel, 47–74. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1938.

Scheibe, Erhard. The Logical Analysis of Quantum Mechanics. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1973.

Schrödinger, Erwin. Collected Papers on Wave Mechanics. London: Blackie & Son Limited, 1928. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01491987.

Schrödinger, Erwin. „Die gegenwärtige Situation in der Quantenmechanik.“ Die Naturwissenschaften 23, no. 48, 49, 50 (1935): 807–12; 823–28; 844–49.

Štoll, Ivan. Dějiny fyziky. Praha: Prometheus, 2009.

Thomson, George P., and Alexander Reid. „Diffraction of Cathode Rays by a Thin Film.“ Nature 119, no. 3007 (1927): 890. https://doi.org/10.1038/119890a0.

Thomson, Joseph J. „Carriers of Negative Electricity.“ Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1906. https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/thomson-lecture.pdf.




Copyright (c) 2021 Filip Grygar

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

TEORIE VĚDY / THEORY OF SCIENCE – journal for interdisciplinary studies of science is published twice a year by the Institute of Philosophy of the Czech Academy of Sciences (Centre for Science, Technology, and Society Studies). ISSN 1210-0250 (Print) ISSN 1804-6347 (Online) MK ČR E 18677 web: http://teorievedy.flu.cas.cz /// email: teorievedy@flu.cas.cz