Simulation and the Instrumental Concept of Science

Abstract

The article deals with the discussions about the epistemological and methodological role of simulation in contemporary science. It focuses firstly on the current status of these discussions in the methodology of science, and then to its continuity with a certain thinking traditions of the 1980s, when discussions about modeling raised numerous questions challenging the traditional conceptual distinctions, especially between experiment and theory. The article adheres to the view that simulation is a new and specific tool of science that will also require new and specific methodology and epistemological assessment. To support this point of view, some recent analyzes of specific examples of simulations, and their specific status in modern science, are discussed in detail.